Many of the fanatical PSU football pilgrims who congregated at the ritual battle held roses in their teeth. This was done as a symbolic act indicating that if PSU were to be victorious they would travel to Pasadena CA to partake in the finall territorial clash between the Big 10 and the Pac 10. Photo by Margaret Brown Vega.
 At the start of the ritual mock battle the crowd, which includes two individuals wearing military clothing, salutes the nation. A thin electronic banner of the flag of the United States of America is displayed on the monument. T |  It is snowing, the band is on the field, the majorettes are wearing next to nothing, and camera rolls while the crowd salutes the flag.  It is considered a good omen if the band leader flips and does not fall. If the band leader falls it is a sign that the team will not perform well. |
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PSU football pilgrims make a ritual journey to the Lion Shrine before "the big game". Part of the Brand Nittany Lion Corporate Symbol Study. Photo by Nathan Craig.
Ritual reproduction requires restricted repetition. Tradition involves constrained improvisation according to agreed upon rules of conduct. By trying out cooking a turkey in a hole in the ground a group of anthropologists from PSU decided to challenge the culinary conventions of the National Ritual of Giving Thanks. The aim was not necessarily contrarian, but rather a reflexive desire to explore other options. No variables were isolated or measured at any point in these experiments. The project was done purely for fun and experience of pit oven cooking. Photos by Margaret Brown Vega.
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In the photograph below, oats (Avena sativa) are shown below and the rip gut brome (Bromis diandrus) is shown above.
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Monumental, adj. and n.[ classical Latin monumentlis (1st cent. A.D.) < monumentum MONUMENT n. + -lis -AL suffix1. Compare French monumental relating to monuments (1802), of majestic grandeur (1805). Compare slightly earlier MONUMENTARY adj.]
Monument, n. classical Latin monumentum, monimentum commemorative statue or building, tomb, reminder, written record, literary work < monre to remind (see MONEO n.) + -mentum -MENT suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman monument tomb, Old French, Middle French, French monument (end of the 10th cent. in sense ‘tomb’, also in Old French as moniment; late 14th cent. in general sense ‘anything that preserves a memory of something’, 17th cent. in sense ‘lasting work of literature, science or art’, 18th cent. denoting edifices which are imposing by virtue of their grandeur or antiquity), Spanish monumento (1207), Portuguese monumento (a1284), Italian monumento (1292). With sense 1, compare Welsh mynwent (< classical Latin monumentum) graveyard. With the phrase monuments of letters (see sense 3b), compare classical Latin monumenta litterarum. With sense 4d, compare earlier use of French monument of a work of literature (see above), and also use of classical Latin monumentum in Horace Odes 3.30.1, where the poet compares his literary work to a bronze monument.] "Viva la Rebolucion-El Pueblo Dise" The community says the revolution lives. |  "Para los Burros Ben de Patria APRISTA" For the donkeys that come from the APRISTA party. |
Photo by Nathan Craig. Holding an iconic Marshalltown trowell, archaeologist Margaret Brown Vega stands at the doorway of a church that is part of a historic hacienda. This hacienda was constructed on top of a multicomponent precolumbian site that is called Calapuja. At least one modern Quechua resident of the region has clearly expressed their opinion in a rather multivocally poingnent way.
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